All these reports are in Finnish with English summary. An English overall summary report on the Road Traffic in Winter Research Project will be finalized in late 1995.
TIEL 3200170
Winter tyre research. The use and condition of winter tyres and drivers'
own evaluation of their tyres, during the winter 1992-93
Information on the use and condition of winter tyres was collected by examining tyres in parking areas and through roadside interviews. Attention was paid to what extent studded tyres and studless tyres were used, as well as to the condition of the tyres and studs throughout the winter.
TIEL 3200174
Present stage of road salting on groundwater quality, magnitude of problems
and need for groundwaters in Finland
The aim of the report is to get a general idea of the effects of road salting on grounwater quality, magnitude of problems and need for protective measures.
TIEL 3200190
Effects of road salt on groundwater - modelling of transport processes
In this study, the potential groundwater contamination due to salt from highway de-icing is studied by means of numerical modelling. The objective is to understand the magnitude of subprocesses (advection, dispersion, density effects and ion exchange) affecting the spreading of contamination.
TIEL 3200192
Reduction in use of road salt. Interim report on population attitudes towards
the experiment in the Kuopio Province during the winter 1992-93
Information is presented on the attitudes of the population towards the experiment on the limited use of road salt in the Kuopio Province. The survey was performed as a three-phase population questionaire.
TIEL 3200204
Effect of road conditions on driving behaviour and properties of traffic flow
The aim of the investigation was to examine general driving behaviour in various parts of the country, with special focus on the effects of road conditions and slipperiness on driving speed and distances between vehicles.
TIEL 3200212
Driver behavioud in sharp curves during winter-time with studded and with non-
queues on main roads
The investigation deals with driver behaviour while driving in queues and in sharp curves during winter-time with studded and with non-studed winter tires. The measurements of driver behaviour focused on driving under slippery road surface conditions.
TIEL 3200229
Influence of the type and condition of tyres and drivers' perceptions of road
conditions on driving speed
The aim of this work was to examine how drivers take the slipperiness of the roads into consideration in winter, and to find out their tyres' influence on the speeds of cars and vans driven under varying condi- tions in non-continuous traffic.
TIEL 3200243 A survey of winter tyre wear, condition and skid resistance, and the use of winter tyres in the winter 1993-94
This report is a compilation of the results of two sub-projects.
TIEL 3200247
Reduction in the use of road salt. Final report on population attitudes toward
experiment in the Kuopio Province during winters 1992-94
Information was produced about the attitudes of the population towards the reduction in the use of road salt.
TIEL 3200267
The effects of studded tyres on the maintenance costs of asphalt concrete
roads
The objective of this survey was to study different winter maintenance strategies and their influences on maintenance costs, user costs, etc.
TIEL 3200278
Accident risks in winter traffic among drivers using non-studded winter tyres
The aim of this study was to examine accident risks of drivers during the winter months and compare the safety of drivers using studded and non-studed winter tyres.
TIEL 3200158
Modelling effects of road salt on groundwater in the Joutsenokangas
aquifer.
The main objective of this study was to use the two dimensional MOC- groundwater model to calculate present and future chloride concentra- tions in this aquifer.
TIEL 3200162
The logistics effects of winter maintenance in Finland in 1992
The effects of road winter maintenance on transport time were studied with four transport route case studies. The changes in transport time were calculated when the amount of salt is decreased or when the use of studded tyres decreases.
TIEL 3200273
Effects of studded winter tyres on driving behaviour. The results
of the two year period journeys and driver risk taking
The object of the experiment was to study the effect of the change from winter tyres on driving behaviour. The results of the two year period (1992-1994) experiment are presented in this report.
TIEL 4000098
Grip properties of friction tyres and studded tyres under different road
conditions
In this study three studded tyre types and two unstudded friction tyre types were tested in 1993 and 1994.
TIEL 3200311
Reduced de-icing on rurin roads in the Kuopio Province. Final report
A two-year experiment (1992-1994) concerning reduced salting on the main roads in the Kuopio Province. The final results.
TIEL 3100019
Road Traffic in Winter. Sosio-economic final report of the
research project
This report summarises all the socio-economic effects of the "Road Traffic in Winter"-research project, carried out by the Finnish National Road Administration in the years 1992-1995.